Introduction

This tutorial is mainly oriented to Ubuntu, but can also be applied to other distributions such as Debian.

The minimum requirements for SNI to work are Apache 2.2.12 (or higher) with OpenSSL 0.9.8g (or higher).

Make sure you already have your website(s) set up and running (non-SSL of course!) and listening on another port than 443 as we will use this port for SSL.

Installation of packages

We need to activate the Apache2 SSL module in order to serve websites over SSL:

sudo a2enmod ssl

Also, the ssl-cert package will allow us to create certificates in a few keystrokes:

sudo apt-get install ssl-cert

If you don't have ssl-cert available in your distribution's package manager, you can find it here: http://packages.debian.org/sid/ssl-cert

Creating certificates

We will now create a self-signed SSL certificate.

When using make-ssl-cert, both the certificate and the private key are generated and stored within the same file. The generated *.crt file needs to be kept somewhere safe on your disk, it is a good practice to move it to /etc/ssl/privateand use chmod 600 and chown root:root. It should be readable by root only!

sudo make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf \
/etc/ssl/private/mydomain.crt

It should ask you for a hostname, enter the exact domain name of the website (e.g. if you want to use https://www.myexampledomain.com then put www.myexampledomain.comas
hostname).

Enabling name-based SSL virtual hosts

Apache2 needs to know that our virtual hosts using SSL will be matched using a name-based matching rule (instead of IP-based) and also that it needs to listen for SSL connections on port 443.

Open the Apache2 ports config file, located at /etc/apache2/ports.conf and add:

NameVirtualHost *:443

It should look similar to this:

NameVirtualHost *:80
NameVirtualHost *:443
 
Listen 80
 
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    Listen 443
</IfModule>

Make surethere is Listen 443 somewhere in this file, in order to tell Apache2 to listen on this specific port for SSL connections.

Creating the virtual hosts configuration file

Important Note:
Note that not all browsers support SNI. For those without SNI support they will be redirected to the first SSL vhost defined (which is usually the first alphabetically in the /sites-enabled/ folder) in
the Apache2 configuration.
Also, it is good to know that in their browser, they will see the domain name that they typed in instead of the actual vhost's domain name, as a consequence the certificate will not be validated as it will not match the domain shown in their browser. As an alternative you can use SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck, see note below.

The best thing to do is to copy the normal configuration file of your website (with normal http:// access) and add the SSL directives.

First, make a copy:

sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/{mywebsite.conf,mywebsite_ssl.conf}

Then open the mywebsite_ssl.conf file, and add/modify the bold parts:

<VirtualHost *:443>
 ServerName www.myexampledomain.com 
 
 SSLEngine On
 SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/private/myexampledomain.crt 
 
 DocumentRoot /var/www/myexampledomain
</VirtualHost>

Explanation:

“*:443” along with ServerName define this configuration as a name-based virtual host.

“SSLEngine On” enables SSL for this virtual host.

“SSLCertificateFile”points to the certificate we created earlier.

Note:
Using SSLStrictSNIVHostCheckit will refuse non SNI capable browsers to access any website on your server using SSL.
This directive sets
whether a non SNI client is allowed to access a name based virtual host. If set to on in the non default name based virtual host, non SNI clients are not allowed to access this particular virtual host. If set
to on in the default name based virtual host, non SNI clients are not allowed to access any name based virtual host belonging to this IP / port combination. (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html#SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck)

Enabling the virtual host

We need to enable the virtual host, this is an important step which is often forgotten:

sudo a2ensite mywebsite_ssl.conf

Testing

Restart Apache2:

sudo service apache2 restart

This is time for a test, visit your website over SSL, make sure you prepend https:// to your domain name (for example https://www.myexampledomain.com)

Troubleshooting

If you cannot see your website using https you can dig into the Apache2 logs (located at /var/log/apache2/error.log) and search for [error] or [warn].

Also be certain to have activated/enabled all of the virtual hosts you want by typing sudo a2ensite yourdomain.conf and then reload or restart Apache2.

If you get a “ssl_error_rx_record_too_long” error, it can mean either SSL is not activated properly for this virtual host (check that there is SSLEngine On in your vhost config) or the virtual host configuration is not enabled
(“sudo a2ensite vhostconfigfile”).

Notes

If you already have your own certificates, you will want to use both SSLCertificateKeyFileand SSLCertificateFilein the virtual host configuration file because certificate issuers usually give
you two different files (one containing a private key and the other one containing the certificate).

It is important to be aware that some browsers do not support SNI and will not be able to access your virtual hosts.

Some browsers in mobile devices might not support SNI so be certain that your default SSL virtual host can provide some help or support to those users, like for example offering the option to switch back to regular non-SSL connection.

Activate autologin in gdm by editing /etc/gdm/custom.conf and add:

AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=yourusername

Reboot.

Then ssh as yourusername into the machine, and type this:

DISPLAY=:0.0
gconftool-2 --type list --list-type string --set /desktop/gnome/remote_access/authentication_methods '[vnc]'
gconftool-2 -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/remote_access/prompt_enabled false
vino-passwd
gconftool-2 -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/remote_access/enabled true

Reboot.

Then try connecting to your machine using VNC.

Source: By Weboide in How do i install gnome on Debian and remote to it? [serverfault.com]

This post is Licensed under CC-BY-SA 2.5

If you have compiled and installed the right packages (Medibuntu repository with the libaac support, for example), you can easily do one of these commands with ffmpeg:

Convert Audio (mp3) to 3g2

ffmpeg -i test.mp3 -acodec libfaac -ab 64k -ar 22050 test.3g2

You can tweak this command and use other audio file formats as well.

Convert Video (avi) to 3g2

ffmpeg -i test.mpg  -acodec libfaac -ab 64k -ar 22050 -vcodec mpeg4 -s qcif -b 120k -r 30 out.3g2

It also works with other video file formats. You'll certainly need to tweak this command to get a better quality.

How to use them

To select a 3g2 as a custom ringtone, just go to the ringer/ringtone menu as usual, and choose Videos, then From Memory Card, and that's where you can pick your 3g2's.
Make sure your ringtone is smaller than 500Kb and 30 seconds to be sure it works fine.

You can easily get colored manpages with just one copy&paste into your .bashrc!

Follow this link to Linuxtidbits' post about "Less Colors For Manpages" and you'll know how to make it happen!

Here's a collection of electro/electronica songs (as mp3) I like and that are free and libre. I'll just call this collection "Electro Collection #1"!

I've picked these songs because they each contain a unique melody and they are easy to listen even for those who might think they don't like electro music. Really, listen to the first three songs (though you should listen to them all) and see! I'm sure you'll find one that you like!
They almost all have the same genres. Mostly, it is: Electro/Electronica, Dance, Experimental.

If I had to pick favorite ones among these, they would be (as unsorted list):
02 - Jolie Micro Girl
04 - Struttin
05 - dub is dumb
06 - Chips dreams
11 - The sun is coming
13 - Plume
14 - don't be shad
17 - Pour toi

Note that this is not an album. Each song in this collection has its own copyright, copyright holder(s), and license. The songs are in their entirety in unmodified form and are seperate and independent works in themselves. See below for copyrights/licenses.

Download

Tarball containing all the songs: electro-collection-1.tar.gz (~97Mb)
Download each song separately from:
HTTP: Here
FTP: Here or connect using a FTP client to codealpha.net on port 21 as anonymous.

Licenses and Copyrights

Licenses and copyrights are downloadable from here and are also listed below:

01 - Ambient Voyager.mp3 by Zeropage
Copyright (C) 2006 Zeropage. Licensed to the public under CC by verify at www.jamendo.com/album/2843/

02 - Jolie Micro Girl.mp3 by M.E.A
Copyright (C) 2006 M.E.A. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/1098/

03 - Wankash.mp3 by W. Elektro Projekt
Copyright (C) 2007 W. Elektro Projekt. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/8300/

04 - Struttin'.mp3 by Tryad
Copyright (C) 2006 Tryad. Licensed to the public under CC by-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/3661/
'Struttin' Written and Performed by Tryad. Courtesy Tryad.org

05 - dub is dumb.mp3 by Kernem
Copyright (C) 2007 Kernem. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-nd verify at www.jamendo.com/album/3977/

06 - Chips dreams.mp3 by Florent Lelong
Copyright (C) 2008 Florent Lelong. Licensed to the public under CC by-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/19211/

07 - maska & goey.mp3 by CIRC
Copyright (C) 2009 CIRC. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/47735/

08 - dry martini.mp3 by LEGO
Copyright (C) 2006 LEGO. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/981/

09 - Flocon.mp3 by Silence
Copyright (C) 2005 Silence. Licensed to the public under Licence Art Libre verify at www.jamendo.com/album/395/

10 - Sun System.mp3 by eNoz
Copyright (C) 2007 eNoz. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/4489/

11 - The sun is coming.mp3 by Oursvince
Copyright (C) 2007 Oursvince. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/8726/

12 - Inside the light.mp3 by Musician Toy
Copyright (C) 2009 Musician Toy. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/44123/

13 - Plume.mp3 by Silence
Copyright (C) 2005 Silence. Licensed to the public under Licence Art Libre verify at www.jamendo.com/album/395/

14 - don't be shad.mp3 by CIRC
Copyright (C) 2007 CIRC. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/6747/

15 - The Creature.mp3 by Musician Toy
Copyright (C) 2009 Musician Toy. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/44123/

16 - Emptiness.mp3: by Alexander Blu
Copyright (C) 2005 Alexander Blu. Licensed to the public under CC by-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/149/

17 - Pour Toi.mp3 by Elecmutec
Copyright (C) 2007 Elecmutec. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at www.jamendo.com/album/8607/

18 - 短暫.mp3 or 18 - m+.mp3 by eNoz
Copyright (C) 2007 eNoz. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-nd verify at www.jamendo.com/album/5097/

19 - Le nettoyeur.mp3 by Greg Baumont
Copyright (C) 2005 Greg Baumont. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-nd verify at www.jamendo.com/album/347/

The speaker picture by swishphotos
Copyright (C) 2006 swishphotos. Licensed to the public under CC by-nc-sa verify at flickr.com/photos/swishphotos/225933635/